What are kidney stones?

Kidney stone are unwanted wastes from urine and salts formed like crystals. This stone can block the flow of urine and cause to pain and kidney damages or even kidney failure depend the size of the stone. According to studies in kerala shows the risk of kidney stone diseases in 1 men out of 10 and 1 in 35 for women. Between two to three percentage of the keralites suffer from kidney stone and daily at least one surgery for kidney stone treatment in calicut district.. If one kidney stone happen  the chance of second stone is high. Most of the people will get a second stone within four to five year. 

There are four types of kidney Stones including :    

• Calcium Stones, these are the most common kidney stone.
• Uric acid stones, most struvite stones and from after urine infection. 
• Struvite/infection stones, often caused by eat lot of protein foods
• Cystine stones, these are very rare and hereditary. 

Signs of Kidney stones

Most of the cases kidney stones not show any symptoms, However some people will feel some symptoms that are: 

• Renal colic, a gripping pain in the back mostly in the ribs on one side. This pain may radiate around to the front and sometimes and it will cause to vomiting 
• Blood in urine 
• Cloudy or bad smelling urine
• Shivers, sweating and fever when the urine infected 
• Uric acid stone (Small stone)  passing out in the urine 
• Urgent feeling of needing urine 

Treatment for kidney stones  

Ninety percent of kidney stone can treat without no surgery. Most of the stones pass by themselves within four to seven weeks. Normal cases the only treatments for just pain relief. In strong pain happen pain relieving medication may needed. Always seek medical attention to escape from suffering strong pain. Small size of stone in the kidney do not makes issues so there is no need of remove them it will go outside through the urine. If the stone is in large size it does not pass through urine and it makes block urine flow or cause to bleeding and heavy pain. Large stone must be remove as far as possible. if surgery is necessary do fast, the kidney stone treatment have reduced hospital stay time to as little as 48 hours.  

Treatment techniques includes : 

• Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy : Using ultra sound waves  can break the kidney stone into smaller pieces then it can pass out with urine. This waves breaks stone in to less than 2 cm in size. 
• Percutaneous nephrolithotomy : using when the stones larger than 2 cm. A small cut in your side and insert a special instrument is used to remove the stone.
• Laser Kidney Stone fragmentation : is a procedure in which a small telescope is inserted through the urethra and bladder and into the ureter or kidney, it is used to diagnose and treat a stones in the urinary tract. A laser is then used to break up any stones found. 
• Endoscope Removal : Endoscope is a instrument, which will insert to the bladder through urethra. Then the surgeon break the stone so you can pass it more easy. 
• Surgery :  If none of the above mentioned methods is not suitable then surgery is the only way.  

After the surgery or if you pass the stone collect it and take it to your doctor for analysis of stone. The doctor can determine the stone what type was it and what cause it to form it will help to prevent the formation of the another stone in future.